The practice of offering communion under both kinds (bread and wine) or under only one kind (bread alone) has varied throughout the history of the Catholic Church. Here's why, in many parishes, only the bread is offered to the laity during communion:
* Historical Development:
* In the early Church, communion was typically offered under both kinds.
* Over time, practical concerns and theological considerations led to the practice of offering only the bread to the laity in many circumstances.
* Practical Considerations:
* Spillage: Distributing wine to a large congregation increases the risk of accidental spills, which is considered a grave offense due to the belief that the wine is the Blood of Christ.
* Hygiene: Sharing a common cup poses potential hygiene concerns, especially the spread of illness.
* Logistics: Managing the distribution of wine to a large number of communicants is logistically more challenging than distributing bread.
* Theological Understanding (Doctrine of Concomitance):
* The Catholic Church teaches the doctrine of concomitance, which states that Christ is fully present – body, blood, soul, and divinity – under each of the consecrated elements (bread and wine). Therefore, receiving communion under either form is a complete reception of Christ.
* Exceptions:
* Communion under both kinds is often offered on special occasions (e.g., Holy Thursday, Easter Vigil, the reception of First Communion, weddings, and other significant liturgical celebrations).
* The decision to offer both kinds is often left to the discretion of the bishop or the pastor of the parish.
In summary, while the Catholic Church believes that receiving communion under both kinds is a fuller sign, the practice of offering only the bread to the laity in most circumstances is rooted in practical considerations and the theological understanding that Christ is fully present under either form.