A church-run state, also known as a theocracy, is a form of government where religious leaders rule in the name of a deity or a divinely-guided ideology. Here's a breakdown of what that typically entails:
* Religious Law as State Law: The laws of the land are based on religious doctrines, scriptures, or interpretations of religious principles. Secular law might exist, but it's usually subordinate to religious law.
* Religious Leaders in Power: The governing power rests directly in the hands of religious leaders (priests, imams, etc.) or a council of religious figures. They make political decisions based on their religious understanding.
* No Separation of Church and State: The religious institution and the government are intertwined and inseparable. There is no clear division of powers or responsibilities between the religious and political spheres.
* Citizenship and Religious Affiliation: Citizenship and rights can be tied to religious affiliation. Those who do not adhere to the state religion may face discrimination or persecution.
* Religious Orthodoxy Enforced: The state often enforces religious orthodoxy, suppressing dissenting religious views or practices.
* Examples:
* Historically: Some historical examples include the Papal States, Geneva under John Calvin, and Tibet under the Dalai Lamas prior to Chinese control.
* Contemporary: Some contemporary examples that are often cited (though debated in the extent to which they are purely theocracies) include Iran and Vatican City.
It's important to note that the term "theocracy" is often used in a pejorative way, particularly by those who advocate for secular government. There can be a wide range of practical applications and interpretations of theocratic principles.