The term "patriarch" is primarily associated with the following churches:
* Eastern Orthodox Church: This is the most common association. Several autocephalous (self-governing) Orthodox churches are led by patriarchs, such as the Patriarch of Constantinople (considered the Ecumenical Patriarch), the Patriarch of Alexandria, the Patriarch of Antioch, the Patriarch of Jerusalem, the Patriarch of Moscow, the Patriarch of Romania, the Patriarch of Bulgaria, the Patriarch of Serbia, the Patriarch of Georgia.
* Oriental Orthodox Churches: Similar to the Eastern Orthodox, these churches also have patriarchs, for example, the Coptic Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria, the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch, and the Armenian Apostolic Church (Catholicos of All Armenians).
* Catholic Church: While the Pope is the supreme head of the Catholic Church, certain Eastern Catholic Churches (those in communion with Rome but with their own distinct traditions) are led by patriarchs. Examples include the Maronite Patriarch of Antioch, the Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarch of Antioch, the Chaldean Catholic Patriarch of Babylon, and the Coptic Catholic Patriarch of Alexandria. In the Latin Church, certain metropolitan archbishops, namely those of Venice, Lisbon and Goa, still hold the honorific title of Patriarch although this is purely honorific and does not represent any jurisdictional authority.
Therefore, the answer is primarily the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, and certain Eastern Catholic Churches.