John is not considered a synoptic gospel because its content, structure, and theological focus differ significantly from Matthew, Mark, and Luke, which *are* called synoptic gospels. Here's a breakdown of the key differences:
* Content and Stories:
* Synoptics: Share many of the same stories, sometimes told in very similar wording. They cover events like Jesus' baptism, temptation, many of the same miracles, parables, and teachings, and culminate in his Passion, death, and resurrection.
* John: Includes fewer stories overall and omits many prominent events found in the Synoptics, such as:
* Jesus' birth narrative
* The Sermon on the Mount (or any equivalent extended discourse)
* Many of the parables
* Jesus casting out demons
* Instead, John focuses on different events and includes material not found in the Synoptics, like:
* Jesus' encounter with Nicodemus
* The raising of Lazarus
* The washing of the disciples' feet at the Last Supper
* Extended discourses and conversations in Jerusalem
* Structure and Chronology:
* Synoptics: Present a relatively similar timeline of Jesus' ministry, often focusing on his work in Galilee.
* John: Presents a different chronology, with Jesus making multiple trips to Jerusalem throughout his ministry. The Synoptics largely focus on a single, climactic journey.
* Style and Language:
* Synoptics: Tend to use a more straightforward narrative style.
* John: Features a more reflective, symbolic, and theological style. Jesus' speeches in John are longer, more philosophical, and focus on his divine nature. The language is often more poetic and filled with symbolism (e.g., "I am the bread of life," "I am the good shepherd").
* Theology and Focus:
* Synoptics: Emphasize Jesus' ministry to the poor and marginalized, his role as a teacher and prophet, and the coming of the Kingdom of God.
* John: Focuses intensely on Jesus' divine identity, his pre-existence, and his relationship with the Father. The Gospel emphasizes faith in Jesus as the Son of God as the path to eternal life. The focus is less on the Kingdom of God and more on personal relationship with Jesus.
"Synoptic" Explained
The term "synoptic" comes from the Greek words *syn* (together) and *opsis* (seeing). It means "seeing together" or "taking a common view." Matthew, Mark, and Luke are called synoptic gospels because they share a common perspective and can be easily compared side-by-side. John's distinct perspective prevents it from being grouped with the others.
In summary: John stands apart from Matthew, Mark, and Luke because of significant differences in its content, structure, style, and theological emphasis. These differences make it impossible to "see together" with the other gospels in the same way.