The person who had the incorrect theory on rotation that was adopted by the Catholic Church was
Ptolemy.
Ptolemy's geocentric (Earth-centered) model of the universe was the dominant view for centuries. This model, while complex, did a reasonable job of predicting the movements of celestial bodies as observed from Earth. The Catholic Church adopted this model as it aligned with their interpretations of scripture. Later, Copernicus proposed a heliocentric (sun-centered) model which was closer to the truth, but challenged the established Ptolemaic view and, consequently, the Church's interpretation.