The Bible states that the Ark of the Covenant came to rest in the
inner sanctuary of the Temple in Jerusalem.
Here's the relevant passage:
* 1 Kings 8:6: "Then the priests brought the ark of the covenant of the Lord to its place in the inner sanctuary of the temple, the Most Holy Place, and put it beneath the wings of the cherubim."
This occurred after King Solomon built the Temple. The Ark remained there until the Babylonian conquest of Jerusalem in 586 BC, after which its fate becomes uncertain.