In Shintoism, the relationship between humans and the
kami (often translated as gods, spirits, or deities) is one of
interdependence, respect, and harmony. It's a nuanced relationship that differs significantly from the Western concept of a distant, all-powerful God. Here's a breakdown of the key aspects:
* Kami are immanent, not transcendent: Unlike monotheistic deities who are often seen as separate from and above the world, kami are believed to inhabit the natural world. They reside in mountains, trees, rocks, rivers, and even abstract concepts like growth, fertility, and craftsmanship. This makes them accessible and present in everyday life.
* Humans are descendants of kami (in some origin myths): Shinto myths often depict the imperial family as direct descendants of the sun goddess Amaterasu. While not all humans are seen as literal descendants, this emphasizes a familial connection and a shared lineage with the divine.
* Humans can communicate with kami: Through rituals, prayers, and offerings (like food, sake, or dance), humans can communicate with kami. These interactions aim to express gratitude, seek blessings, or petition for assistance.
* Humans maintain shrines and perform rituals to honor and appease kami: Shrines (jinja) are built as dwelling places for specific kami. Priests perform rituals to cleanse the shrine, offer prayers, and conduct festivals (matsuri) to honor the kami and ensure their continued favor. These rituals are seen as vital for maintaining balance and harmony.
* Kami can bestow blessings and protection: When honored and respected, kami are believed to grant blessings such as good health, prosperity, fertility, and protection from harm.
* Humans can become kami (in some cases): While not common, exceptional individuals, such as emperors or those who have made significant contributions to society, can be enshrined and venerated as kami after their death. This highlights the potential for humans to achieve a divine status through their actions.
* Emphasis on purification: Shinto emphasizes purity and cleanliness (both physical and spiritual) as essential for approaching the kami. Rituals often involve purification rites (misogi) to cleanse oneself and the surrounding environment before engaging with the divine.
* Harmonious co-existence: The ultimate goal is to maintain a harmonious relationship with the kami and the natural world. Disrespecting the kami or disrupting the natural order can lead to misfortune.
In essence, the relationship between humans and kami in Shintoism is one of reciprocal exchange. Humans honor and respect the kami, and in return, the kami provide blessings and protection. It's a continuous cycle of giving and receiving that helps to maintain balance and harmony in the world. It's less about strict obedience to commandments and more about cultivating a respectful and harmonious relationship with the divine forces that permeate the natural world.