Okay, let's break down the literary terms used in Emily Dickinson's poem "Some keep the Sabbath going to Church."
* Theme: The central idea or message of the poem. In this case, the theme is individual spirituality and finding religious experience in nature and personal connection with God, rather than through traditional church rituals.
* Imagery: The use of vivid and descriptive language to create mental images for the reader.
* Auditory Imagery: "Some keep the Sabbath going to Church - / I keep it, staying at Home - / With a Bobolink for a Chorister - / And an Orchard, for a Dome -" evokes the sound of the bird's song and visualizes an orchard as a cathedral.
* Visual Imagery: "And an Orchard, for a Dome -" creates a picture of the sky as the ceiling above the fruit trees. "God preaches, a noted Clergyman"
* Tactile Imagery: "So instead of getting to Heaven, at last" suggests a physical place and something to be desired.
* Symbolism: The use of objects, people, or ideas to represent something else.
* Church: Represents traditional, organized religion.
* Home: Represents the speaker's personal, intimate space for worship.
* Bobolink: Symbolizes nature's beauty and serves as a replacement for a church choir.
* Orchard: Symbolizes the natural world as a sacred space, replacing the church building.
* Wings: Symbolizes spiritual ascension and closeness to God.
* Heaven: Represents a state of spiritual fulfillment and connection with God.
* Metaphor: A comparison between two unlike things without using "like" or "as."
* "And an Orchard, for a Dome" - The orchard is not literally a dome, but it functions as one in the speaker's personal church.
* "God preaches, a noted Clergyman" - God is being compared to a clergyman through the act of preaching, without using like or as.
* Personification: Giving human qualities to inanimate objects or abstract ideas.
* "God preaches" - Giving the abstract idea of God the ability to preach and act like a clergyman.
* Diction: The poet's choice of words. Dickinson often uses precise and unusual diction. In this poem:
* The use of simple, everyday language creates a sense of intimacy and accessibility.
* Words like "Bobolink," "Dome," and "Clergyman" are carefully chosen to create specific associations with nature and religion.
* Tone: The speaker's attitude toward the subject. The tone is reverent, unconventional, confident, and intimate. The speaker expresses a deep sense of spirituality while also challenging traditional religious practices.
* Irony: A contrast between what is stated and what is actually meant, or between what is expected and what actually happens. There's a subtle irony in the poem because the speaker suggests that staying home and experiencing nature can be a more authentic religious experience than going to church.
* Paradox: a statement that appears self-contradictory but contains a deeper truth. The idea that one can go to Heaven without having to die is an example of a paradox.
* Apostrophe: A figure of speech in which someone absent or dead or something nonhuman is addressed as if it were alive and present and could reply. The poem is an example of an apostrophe because the speaker is speaking to the reader to hear about the ways of the church compared to her.
In summary, Dickinson uses a variety of literary devices in "Some keep the Sabbath going to Church" to express her unique perspective on spirituality and challenge conventional religious beliefs.